A minimal sharding protocol that may be worthwhile as a development target now

I think Vitalik is referring to the currently written up phase 1 spec.

We’ve made progress on the research side recently which points towards a revamping of the protocol. We have a cleaner proposer-notary separation, an alternative to windback, a stronger availability challenge. Some other ideas we are exploring:

  • Decoupling collation headers from the main chain, or only explicitly exposing fully notarised collations or checkpoints, maybe using ideas from Dfinity and Bitcoin-NG
  • Fork-free proposal chains, and rollback mechanisms
  • Variable-size and variable-threshold notarisation
  • A new form of signature aggregation
  • Strengthened shard finality in case of main chain reorg
  • Sidechaining parts of the SMC into a manager shard

In short, the research side of things is in flux. It will probably take a few weeks for ideas to surface on ethresear.ch and for the dust to settle. A new spec (hopefully all round better) may come out in a couple months or so.

The above minimal sharding protocol is a good starting point for implementers. Agreeing on the p2p networking stack (transport layer based on libp2p or otherwise, plus a gossip layer with a channel per shard) seems like a valuable thing to do irrespective of the higher level protocol details.

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