State Providers, Relayers - Bring Back the Mempool

This tends towards a monopoly/being monopolistic instead of being permissionless. In practice, it is not straightforward to determine the difference between an honest competitor and a rational competitor. Often times, they may be the same and at other times, different due to market conditions!

This could potentially be remedied by implementing something like Submarine Sends (To Sink Frontrunners, Send in the Submarines) at the consensus/L1. It allows for temporarily hiding transactions in order to prevent front-running.

Another concern I have for this proposed scheme is that is seems to have eliminated the gas/transaction fee abstraction that previous proposals brought. These abstractions make it easier, from the get-go to pay these fees in a potential, separate “sub-currency” e.g. ERC20s and allowed for others to pay for other people’s gas/transaction fees. The latter fact could potentially enable various forms of privacy-preserving payment systems in ETH2.0. Am I wrong here?

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